As someone who’s spent over a decade exploring and writing about the American outdoors, I’ve seen a lot. And I mean a lot. From pristine wilderness to heavily hunted lands, one thing remains constant: deer are fascinating, and sometimes, downright perplexing. Lately, I’ve been fielding more and more questions from fellow hunters, guides, and even camp owners about strange things they’re observing in the deer population. Specifically, concerns about arterial worm in deer, unusual growths, and bizarre behaviors are on the rise. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these anomalies, helping you understand what you’re seeing, when to be concerned, and how to report it. We’ll cover everything from physical abnormalities like black spots on deer to unsettling behaviors like deer smashing head on rock, and even the disturbing phenomenon of a deer head exploding (more on that later!).
Before diving into the truly unusual, it’s important to understand the common culprits behind deer health issues. Many seemingly strange symptoms can be traced back to well-known diseases and parasites. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a major concern in many states (check your state’s wildlife agency for current CWD distribution maps – National Park Service CWD Information). Other common issues include Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, and various bacterial infections. Parasites like ticks and worms are also prevalent. However, sometimes what you’re seeing goes beyond the typical.
While most hunters are familiar with lungworms and intestinal parasites, muscle worms in deer, specifically Elaphostrongylus cervi (deer brainworm), and arterial worm in deer (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) are gaining attention. Arterial worm is a parasitic nematode that infects white-tailed deer and can cause neurological damage. Symptoms can include lameness, weakness, and even death. The worm lives in the arteries of the deer, and can cause inflammation and blockage. You might notice a deer exhibiting a strange gait or appearing unusually lethargic. The presence of white spots on deer meat during processing can sometimes (but not always) be indicative of parasitic infection, though these spots can also be caused by other factors. It’s crucial to properly handle and cook venison to kill any potential parasites. (Leave No Trace - Deer and Brainworm)
Black spots on deer, or deer with black spots, can be caused by a variety of things, including fungal infections, insect bites, or even localized skin irritation. However, persistent or rapidly spreading spots should be reported to your state’s wildlife agency. Similarly, unusual growths or tumors – what some trail camera users describe as trail cam deer with tumors – warrant investigation. Whitetail deer with mange, caused by mites, is also becoming more common, resulting in hair loss, thickened skin, and intense itching. This can lead to a very distressed-looking animal.
Sometimes, the most concerning signs aren’t physical, but behavioral. I’ve heard countless stories from hunters about deer exhibiting truly strange actions. One recurring theme is why do deer walk in circles. This can be a sign of neurological issues, potentially caused by parasites, infections, or even toxins. Another disturbing behavior is deer smashing head on rock or trees. This is often linked to neurological problems or severe head trauma. Seeing a deer with tongue hanging out, or a deer sticking tongue out, is also a red flag, potentially indicating rabies, brain abscess syndrome, or other neurological disorders.
You may have seen the disturbing images circulating online: a deer with deer head in antlers, or a buck with head stuck in antlers. This is a tragic, but increasingly reported, phenomenon. It’s believed to be caused by a combination of factors, including aggressive behavior during the rut, weakened antler connections, and potentially, neurological issues that impair the deer’s judgment. The deer essentially gets its antlers entangled with another deer’s head, and the struggle often leads to fatal injuries.
The most shocking reports I’ve received relate to what some hunters describe as a deer head exploding. While the imagery is graphic, the underlying cause is often Brain Abscess Syndrome (BAS). This is caused by the larvae of nasal bots (a type of fly) migrating to the brain, forming abscesses. As the pressure builds, the skull can fracture, leading to a gruesome outcome. BAS is becoming more prevalent in some areas, and is a serious concern for deer populations. (USDA Forest Service - Brain Abscess Syndrome)
Beyond disease and injury, some deer exhibit unusual coloration patterns. The most well-known is the piebald deer, characterized by patches of white fur. These deer are caused by a genetic mutation that affects melanin production. While generally healthy, piebald deer may have compromised immune systems and reduced eyesight. Seeing a piebald deer maryland (or any state) is a rare and exciting event for many hunters. Other, less common, color variations can occur, but are often linked to genetic abnormalities or nutritional deficiencies.
Deer fur patterns can vary significantly, even within the same species. While most whitetail deer have a reddish-brown coat in the summer and a grayish-brown coat in the winter, variations in spotting and coloration can occur. These variations are often influenced by genetics and environmental factors. However, any sudden or dramatic change in a deer’s coat color should be noted.
If you encounter a deer exhibiting any of the symptoms or behaviors described above, here’s what you should do:
The health of our deer populations is a critical indicator of overall ecosystem health. As hunters and outdoor enthusiasts, we have a responsibility to be vigilant and report any unusual observations. Understanding these anomalies – from arterial worm in deer to the heartbreaking sight of a deer with tongue hanging out – is crucial for protecting these magnificent animals and ensuring the future of hunting and wildlife conservation in the USA. And remember, even if you he can’t even skin a buck, you can still contribute to wildlife monitoring by reporting what you see.
Disclaimer: I am an outdoor writer and enthusiast, not a veterinarian or wildlife biologist. This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute veterinary advice. Always consult with a qualified professional for any health concerns related to wildlife.